This 1947 training manual from the National Radio Institute provides a comprehensive guide on diagnosing and testing radio tubes. The text identifies tubes as the most vulnerable components in a receiver and outlines common failures such as broken filaments, electrical leakages, and gas contamination. To assist technicians, the document explains how to identify tube prongs and navigate manufacturer specification charts. It highlights the use of professional testing equipment, specifically comparing emission testers and mutual conductance testers. Detailed instructions are included for operating the NRI Model 66 tester, ensuring students can accurately determine if a component is functional, questionable, or defective.